An overview of drug therapy for chronic adult asthma

Asthma involves bronchoconstrictor mechanisms, possible abnormalities of airway smooth muscles and an inflammatory response. Past emphasis on bronchodilator therapy ignored the underlying inflammatory response. Since chronic asthma can eventually lead to irreversible airflow obstruction from uncontrolled inflammation, current drug therapy stresses both inflammation reduction and bronchodilatation. This article discusses the rationale of current pharmacologic management for the adult client with chronic asthma and presents a step-care approach for management of the disease. Inhaled beta-agonists--effective bronchodilators--are the primary drug of choice. Steroids administered via inhalation are the most effective anti-inflammatory agents available. Cromolyn sodium is useful for prophylactic management of asthma. Theophylline, previously the cornerstone of asthma treatment, is now introduced later in the therapeutic plan as an additional bronchodilator. Inhaled anticholinergics may be tried as adjunctive asthma treatment. With careful assessment, intervention and management, health care providers can successfully care for most adult clients with chronic asthma.