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The manipulative crack. Frequency analysis.

J W Reggars

    Australasian Chiropractic & Osteopathy : Journal of the Chiropractic & Osteopathic College of Australasia
    |July 1, 1996
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study analyzed joint crack sounds from spinal manipulation, finding no significant differences in frequency spectra between sexes or trauma history. The average peak frequency of these sounds was 333 Hz.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomechanics
    • Auditory Analysis
    • Spinal Manipulation Therapy

    Background:

    • Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) often produces audible joint crack sounds.
    • Understanding the acoustic properties of these sounds can provide insights into the biomechanics of spinal joints.
    • Previous research has explored SMT sounds, but detailed frequency spectrum analysis, particularly concerning demographic factors, is less common.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the frequency spectra of joint crack sounds during upper cervical spine SMT.
    • To investigate if these sound spectra differ between sexes.
    • To determine if sound spectra vary between individuals with and without a history of neck trauma.

    Main Methods:

    • A randomized experimental study involving 50 asymptomatic volunteers.
    Keywords:
    Chiropracticcervical spinefrequency analysisjoint cavitationjoint crackmanipulationsound recording.spectrazygapophyseal joints

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  • A single, high-velocity, low-amplitude rotatory thrust technique applied to the C3/4 zygapophyseal joints.
  • Joint crack sounds recorded using skin-mounted microphones and analyzed using frequency spectrum analysis software.

    • Main Results:

    • All 50 manipulations produced at least one audible joint crack sound, with a total of 123 cracks recorded.
    • Peak frequencies of the analyzed crack signals ranged from 86 Hz to 1,830 Hz, with a mean of 333 Hz (95% CI, 285-380 Hz).
    • No statistically significant differences in peak frequencies were found between sexes, or between subjects with and without a history of neck trauma.

    Conclusions:

    • The frequency spectra of joint crack sounds produced during upper cervical SMT do not appear to be influenced by sex or previous neck trauma.
    • The mean peak frequency of these sounds is approximately 333 Hz.
    • Further research could explore other factors influencing SMT sound characteristics.