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Related Concept Videos

Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...

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[Beliefs, perceptions and experiences in sexuality of Chilean adolescents with HIV acquired by vertical transmission].

Revista chilena de infectologia : organo oficial de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectologia·2019
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[Pet ownership and health status of pets from immunocompromised children, with emphasis in zoonotic diseases].

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[Renal compromise in HIV/AIDS in patients attended at a Chilean children hospital].

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Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models
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Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

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[Changes in vertically transmitted human immunodeficiency virus infection Chile].

Ana Chávez P1, Ana M Alvarez P, Elba Wu H

  • 1Hospital Dr. Exequiel González Cortés, Santiago, Chile. anachavez@mi.cl

Revista Chilena De Infectologia : Organo Oficial De La Sociedad Chilena De Infectologia
|November 9, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission is crucial. Universal HIV testing during pregnancy ensures timely antiretroviral prophylaxis, significantly reducing infant infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) poses a significant risk to infants.
  • Strategies have evolved to reduce maternal viral load and infant exposure during delivery and breastfeeding.

Purpose:

  • To outline the evolution of antiretroviral treatment protocols for preventing vertical HIV transmission.
  • To highlight the effectiveness of interventions in reducing transmission rates.
  • To advocate for universal HIV screening in pregnant women to ensure timely prophylaxis.

Summary:

  • Antiretroviral treatment, including zidovudine and triple combination therapy (PACTG 076), has proven effective in reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission.
  • Transmission rates decreased from an initial 9.5% to 2% between 1998 and 2005 in studied cohorts.
  • Despite progress, undiagnosed maternal HIV status remains a risk for infant infection.

Impact:

  • Successful implementation of antiretroviral therapy has dramatically lowered vertical HIV transmission rates.
  • Universal HIV testing during pregnancy is essential for identifying at-risk mothers and initiating prophylaxis.
  • Adherence to new prevention guidelines is key to further reducing pediatric HIV infections.