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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Resistive exercise blunts LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha and Il-1 beta.

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Acute resistive exercise boosts IL-6 in postmenopausal women. Exercise also blunts diurnal increases in IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha, regardless of hormone status.

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Published on: March 1, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Cytokine profiles are crucial for immune function and can be influenced by aging and hormonal changes.
  • Postmenopausal women experience hormonal shifts that may impact inflammatory responses.
  • Understanding exercise effects on cytokines is vital for health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of acute resistive exercise on cytokine profiles (IL-6, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha) in postmenopausal women.
  • To determine if hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) influence exercise-induced cytokine changes.
  • To assess the interaction between exercise, hormone status, and diurnal variations in cytokine production.

Main Methods:

  • 35 postmenopausal women were divided into four groups: no hormone replacement (NHR), HRT, SERM, and a resting control (CON).
  • Participants underwent a moderate-to-high intensity resistive exercise bout (3 sets, 10 exercises, 80% 1RM) or rested.
  • Blood samples were collected pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, and 2 hours post-exercise. Serum and LPS-stimulated blood were analyzed for IL-6, IL-1 beta, and TNF-alpha via ELISA.

Main Results:

  • Resistive exercise significantly increased circulating IL-6 post-exercise.
  • Exercise elevated LPS-stimulated IL-6 and IL-1 beta levels immediately post-exercise.
  • Compared to controls, exercise blunted the LPS-stimulated production of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha per monocyte post-exercise and at 2 hours, indicating a reduced diurnal response.

Conclusions:

  • Acute resistive exercise increases IL-6 in postmenopausal women.
  • Exercise reversed the typical diurnal increase in LPS-stimulated IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha production.
  • Hormone replacement therapy and SERMs did not significantly influence these acute exercise-induced changes in cytokine profiles.