[Neurocognitive rehabilitation in Italy: from Séguin to date]

The author traces the history of rehabilitation studies in Italy, that began following E. Séguin's pioneering work in France. The birth of the first "Asili-Scuola" is recalled, and it is stressed how the interest for rehabilitation of mentally retarded children parallelled development of child neuropsychiatry as a science in Italy. The recollection of historical data shows that the primary interest of rehabilitation in childhood has been and, in different forms, still is rehabilitation of subjects with mental retardation and with neurocognitive and neuropsychological disorders.