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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Herpes01:28

Herpes

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...

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Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Frontal Disconnection for Treating Mild Malformation of Cortical Development with Oligodendroglial Hyperplasia in Epilepsy (MOGHE) in the Frontal Lobe
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Herpes simplex encephalitis presenting with exclusively frontal lobe involvement.

Sean W Taylor1, Donald H Lee, Alan C Jackson

  • 1Department of Medicine (Neurology), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.

Journal of Neurovirology
|November 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Herpes simplex encephalitis can present with frontal lobe lesions on MRI, not just temporal. Early diagnosis and treatment with intravenous acyclovir are crucial for recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a severe neurological condition.
  • Typical MRI findings often involve temporal lobe lesions.
  • Diagnosis can be challenging with atypical presentations.

Observation:

  • This report details a patient with HSE exhibiting MRI lesions solely in the frontal lobes, including the anterior cingulate gyri.
  • The patient recovered well with intravenous acyclovir treatment.
  • A prior case with similar frontal lobe involvement resulted in a fatal outcome.

Findings:

  • Atypical frontal lobe involvement in HSE is possible.
  • Extratemporal limbic system structure lesions can occur.
  • MRI findings in HSE can vary significantly.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for HSE in patients with fever and extratemporal brain lesions.
  • Frontal lobe lesions on MRI warrant consideration for HSE, even without typical temporal involvement.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment are vital for improving patient outcomes in HSE.