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Forebrain oscillators ticking with different clock hands.

Céline A Feillet1, Jorge Mendoza, Urs Albrecht

  • 1Department of Neurobiology of Rhythms, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, IFR37, University Louis Pasteur,67084 Strasbourg, France.

Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences
|November 13, 2007
PubMed
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Brain clock proteins PER1 and PER2 exhibit varied expression and timing across forebrain structures. Nutritional changes differentially impact these molecular clocks, suggesting a system of multiple, distinct brain oscillators.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Chronobiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Clock proteins Period 1 (PER1) and Period 2 (PER2) are known components of the central circadian clock in the brain.
  • Their precise distribution and functional roles in various forebrain regions outside the suprachiasmatic nucleus remain largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression patterns and nutritional regulation of PER1 and PER2 in distinct mouse forebrain structures.
  • To explore the interplay between clock genes and nutritional cues in non-suprachiasmatic brain oscillators.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of PER1 and PER2 expression and phasing in different mouse forebrain regions under ad libitum and hypocaloric feeding conditions.
  • Examination of the clock gene Cry1 expression in wild-type and Per1/Per2 mutant mice subjected to nutritional challenges.

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Main Results:

  • PER1 and PER2 displayed non-uniform presence and distinct phasing across forebrain regions in normally fed mice.
  • Hypocaloric feeding led to PER1 upregulation and PER2 phase advancement in most forebrain oscillators, with notable exceptions like the hippocampus.
  • Altered Cry1 expression was observed in the forebrain of Per mutants under nutritional stress.

Conclusions:

  • The mouse brain harbors a system of multiple, independent oscillators rather than a single, unified cerebral clock.
  • These forebrain oscillators possess unique temporal dynamics and differential sensitivity to nutritional cues.
  • Clock gene expression and timing in the brain are complex and regionally specific, influenced by metabolic status.