Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 10, 2026
10:23
Urinary Tract Infection in a Small Animal Model: Transurethral Catheterization of Male and Female Mice
Published on: December 1, 2017
Urolithiasis: not just a 2-legged animal disease
Marnie R Robinson1, Regina D Norris, Roger L Sur
1Comprehensive Kidney Stone Center, Division of Urologic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
The Journal of Urology
|November 13, 2007
Summary
Animal models and naturally occurring urolithiasis (stone formation) in pets like dogs and cats closely mirror human conditions. This research highlights similarities in stone formation and treatment, aiding human nephrolithiasis understanding.
Area of Science:
- Comparative Medicine
- Urology
- Veterinary Science
Background:
- Urolithiasis, or stone formation, affects multiple animal species.
- Understanding animal urolithiasis offers insights into human stone disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review animal models of stone formation.
- To compare stone formation mechanisms in animals and humans.
- To summarize the management of naturally occurring stones in animals, especially dogs and cats.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of peer-reviewed literature.
- Keywords: urolithiasis, animals.
- Search limited to English articles published between 1977 and 2007.
Main Results:
- Animal urolithiasis mechanisms mirror human stone formation.
- Animal stone disease models show promise for understanding human nephrolithiasis.
- Species affected include dogs and cats.
Conclusions:
- Pathogenesis and treatment of urolithiasis in animals parallel human conditions.
- Similarities facilitate the integration of urologists into veterinary medicine.
- Animal studies contribute to improved human stone disease management.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
01:28Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
01:30Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management
The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
01:25Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management
Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
01:28Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management
AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
01:27Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention
Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...