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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...

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Tree Core Analysis with X-ray Computed Tomography
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Published on: September 22, 2023

Physico-mathematical considerations on x-ray computed tomography based on diffraction enhanced imaging.

Tetsuya Yuasa1, Anton Maksimenko, Eiko Hashimoto

  • 1Yamagata University, Yonezawa, 992-8510 Japan. yuasa@eat72.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
|November 16, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores x-ray computed tomography (CT) using refraction, offering better soft-tissue imaging than absorption-based CT. It details a diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI) method for reconstructing refractive-index gradients.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Physics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Conventional absorption-contrast X-ray computed tomography (CT) has limitations in imaging weakly-absorbing biological soft tissues.
  • Refraction-based CT techniques offer enhanced contrast for soft-tissue delineation.
  • Diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI) is a phase-sensitive detection method utilizing refractive effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present and analyze a refraction-based X-ray computed tomography (CT) technique.
  • To highlight the advantages of phase-sensitive detection for soft-tissue imaging.
  • To theoretically summarize and compare existing DEI-based CT algorithms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI) with a Bragg-case analyzing crystal to detect beam angular deviation.
  • Collecting projection data by varying sample orientation.
  • Reconstructing the refractive-index gradient vector field from angular deviation data.

Main Results:

  • The described DEI-based CT method effectively detects angular deviations caused by sample refraction.
  • The collected angular deviation data can be used for tomographic reconstruction.
  • Comparison of distinct DEI-based CT algorithms from a geometrical optics perspective is provided.

Conclusions:

  • Refraction-based X-ray CT, particularly using DEI, shows significant potential for improved soft-tissue imaging.
  • The presented theoretical framework aids in understanding and comparing different DEI-based CT protocols.
  • Further development of these techniques could advance biomedical imaging capabilities.