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Three-dimensional splay fault geometry and implications for tsunami generation
G F Moore1, N L Bangs, A Taira
1Center for Deep Earth Exploration, Japan Agency for Marine Earth Science and Technology, 3173-25 Showamachi Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan. gmoore@jamstec.go.jp
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 17, 2007
Summary
Megasplay faults, crucial for tsunami genesis, were imaged in 3D along the Nankai Trough. Their steepening geometry indicates a significant role in generating devastating historic tsunamis.
Area of Science:
- Geophysics
- Tectonics
- Marine Geology
Background:
- Megasplay faults are long thrust faults originating from subduction zones.
- These faults are hypothesized to contribute to tsunami generation.
- Understanding their geometry is key to assessing tsunami risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To image and map the geometry and continuity of a megasplay thrust system.
- To investigate the activity and evolution of megasplay faults.
- To assess the role of megasplay faults in tsunami genesis.
Main Methods:
- Three-dimensional seismic imaging of the megasplay thrust system.
- Mapping fault geometry and lateral continuity.
- Analyzing thrust geometry and evidence of sediment slumping.
Main Results:
- The megasplay fault system was imaged in 3D, showing continuity from the plate boundary to the seafloor.
- Evidence of activity and landward-directed evolution of the fault was observed.
- The fault geometry shows progressive steepening, enhancing potential for seafloor uplift.
Conclusions:
- Megasplay fault slip likely contributed to historic tsunamis, like the 1944 Tonankai event.
- The specific geometry of this megasplay fault increases tsunami generation potential.
- This margin and similar settings are highly susceptible to tsunamis due to megasplay fault characteristics.
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