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Related Concept Videos

Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
Uterus and Cervix01:18

Uterus and Cervix

The uterus, commonly called the womb, is a vital reproductive organ in females designed to provide a nurturing environment for the implantation and growth of an embryo. It is shaped like a hollow pear and positioned between the urinary bladder and the rectum. The uterus's structure allows it to support and protect a developing fetus throughout pregnancy.
The uterus is securely anchored within the pelvic cavity by paired broad ligaments on either side. It is further stabilized by three pairs of...
The Menstrual Cycle01:19

The Menstrual Cycle

The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
The menstrual phase occurs from days 1 to 5 and involves the shedding of the stratum functionalis, as a uterine...
Uterine Tubes01:16

Uterine Tubes

The uterine or fallopian tubes function as the conduit through which oocytes travel from the ovaries to the uterus. Each fallopian tube measures approximately 10 to 13 cm long and is anatomically divided into the infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, and interstitial part (or intramural segment). The infundibulum is characterized by its funnel shape and features extensions called fimbriae which reach towards the peritoneal cavity. These fimbriae play a critical role during ovulation as they extend...
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.

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Related Experiment Videos

Abnormal uterine bleeding: getting our terminology straight.

Ian S Fraser1, Hilary Od Critchley, Malcolm G Munro

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Elizabeth 11 Research Institute foe Mothers and Infants, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. helena@med.usyd.edu.au

Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology
|November 17, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Confusing terminology for abnormal uterine bleeding hinders research and clinical practice. New, simpler terms are proposed to accurately describe bleeding patterns and causes, improving understanding and education.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Medical Terminology
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Current terminology for abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is ill-defined and inconsistently applied.
  • This ambiguity complicates the interpretation of clinical trials and research into AUB.
  • Historical context reveals persistent challenges in standardizing AUB language.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the problems caused by confused terminology in describing AUB.
  • To provide a historical perspective on the evolution and usage of AUB terms.
  • To advocate for the adoption of modern, precise terminologies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the evolution and impact of AUB terminology.
  • Analysis of expert group recommendations for new terminologies.
  • Historical contextualization of current terminology debates.

Main Results:

  • Confused terminology impedes the interpretation of clinical trials for AUB therapies and surgical procedures.
  • Major international expert groups recommend abolishing terms like 'menorrhagia' and 'dysfunctional uterine bleeding'.
  • Proposed new terms focus on cycle regularity, frequency, duration, heaviness, and pattern changes, alongside specific cause descriptors.

Conclusions:

  • Ongoing international discussion is crucial for achieving consensus on AUB terminology.
  • Standardized terminology will simplify the interpretation of clinical trials and scientific studies.
  • Improved terminology will enhance education at all levels regarding abnormal uterine bleeding.