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The uterine wall consists of three histological layers: the perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium. The outermost perimetrium is a thin, serous membrane connected with the broad ligament on the sides, which helps anchor the uterus in the pelvic cavity. The thickest layer, myometrium, is mainly made up of smooth muscle tissue bundles. Its contractions are vital in facilitating the expulsion of the uterine lining, fetus, and placenta during menstruation and childbirth.
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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
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Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Reproductive Hysteroscopy Approach for Complete Endometrial Polyp Removal and Enhanced Endometrial Receptivity
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Endometrial Polyps.

Michelle N Han1, Malcolm G Munro

  • 1University of California, Los Angeles, and the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.

Obstetrics and Gynecology
|March 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endometrial and endocervical polyps are common uterine growths. Diagnosis via transvaginal ultrasonography and sonohysterography allows for effective hysteroscopic polypectomy, improving patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Endometrial and endocervical polyps are common intrauterine lesions.
  • Prevalence increases with age, obesity, ovulatory disorders, and tamoxifen use.
  • Polyps can be asymptomatic or linked to abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), infertility, or rarely, cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and management of endometrial and endocervical polyps.
  • To evaluate the role of diagnostic imaging and hysteroscopic polypectomy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current diagnostic techniques including transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS) and sonohysterography.
  • Discussion of hysteroscopic polypectomy as a primary treatment modality.
  • Consideration of medical management and expectant approaches.

Main Results:

  • TVUS and sonohysterography are highly sensitive and specific for polyp diagnosis.
  • Hysteroscopic polypectomy is an effective and safe office-based procedure.
  • Medical treatments may alleviate symptoms or reduce recurrence but are not first-line.

Conclusions:

  • TVUS and sonohysterography are recommended for diagnosing polyps.
  • Hysteroscopic polypectomy is the preferred treatment for most symptomatic polyps.
  • Office-based procedures minimize costs and patient socioeconomic impact.