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Ionic Association

Ionic Association

The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.

Ion Exchange

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...

Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative Analysis

For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...

Ionic Strength: Overview

Ionic Strength: Overview

The ionic strength of a solution is a quantitative way of expressing the total electrolyte concentration of a solution. This concept was first introduced in 1921 by two American physical chemists, Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall, while describing the activity coefficient of strong electrolytes. During the calculation of ionic strength (I or μ), all the cations and anions are considered. However, the concentration (c) of an ion with a greater charge number (z) has a greater contribution to...

Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

Self-associated, "distillable" ionic media.

Ulf P Kreher¹, Anthony E Rosamilia, Colin L Raston

¹Centre for Green Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, Victoria 3800, Australia. UKreher@boronmolecular.com

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

|November 17, 2007

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Carbon dioxide and secondary amines form novel distillable ionic liquids. These unique ionic media offer new possibilities in chemical applications.

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Area of Science:

Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Ionic liquids are non-volatile solvents with unique properties.
Traditional ionic liquids often have limited thermal stability and recyclability.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the formation and properties of novel ionic media derived from carbon dioxide and secondary amines.
To characterize these new materials as potentially distillable ionic liquids.

Main Methods:

Reacting gaseous carbon dioxide with neutral secondary amine molecules.
Investigating the physical state and properties of the resulting association products.
Assessing the distillability of the formed ionic media.

Main Results:

Formation of liquid or low-melting association products between carbon dioxide and secondary amines.
Identification of these products as "distillable" ionic media.
Demonstration of the neutral, potentially gaseous, nature of the precursors.

Conclusions:

Carbon dioxide and secondary amines can form unique, distillable ionic media.
These novel materials represent a new class of ionic solvents with potential applications.
The distillability offers advantages for separation and recycling processes.