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Related Concept Videos

Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
11:04

Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides

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Ligand-based backbone modifications for metal-chelating nucleic acids.

Megan M Knagge1, Jonathan J Wilker

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|November 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Researchers replaced DNA nucleosides with ligands, finding that metal ion binding, including copper (Cu2+), platinum (Pt2+), and palladium (Pd4+), affects DNA duplex stability. This work explores novel DNA modifications and metal interactions.

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Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
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Published on: July 21, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Chemical Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • DNA modifications are crucial for developing novel therapeutic and diagnostic tools.
  • Understanding how modified nucleosides interact with metal ions is essential for their application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of incorporating ligand-based nucleoside replacements into DNA.
  • To determine the effect of specific metal ion binding on the stability of these modified DNA duplexes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of DNA oligonucleotides containing ligand-modified nucleosides.
  • Spectroscopic and thermal denaturation studies to assess duplex stability.
  • Metal ion titration experiments to observe binding interactions.

Main Results:

  • Successful incorporation of ligand nucleosides into the DNA backbone was achieved.
  • Binding of divalent copper (Cu2+), platinum (Pt2+), and tetravalent palladium (Pd4+) ions was confirmed.
  • Metal ion coordination significantly influenced the thermal stability of the modified DNA duplexes.

Conclusions:

  • Ligand-modified DNA offers a versatile platform for metal ion complexation.
  • Metal ion binding can be leveraged to modulate the stability and properties of modified nucleic acids.
  • These findings open avenues for designing novel DNA-based nanomaterials and therapeutics.