Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Antibiotic Selection

Antibiotic Selection

In-vitro Mutagenesis

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

An electron transport complex required in the gut sensitizes <i>Bacteroides</i> to a pore-forming type VI secretion toxin.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025

Same author

Pseudomonads coordinate innate defense against viruses and bacteria with a single regulatory system.

Cell host & microbe·2025

Same author

A biofilm-tropic <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> bacteriophage uses the exopolysaccharide Psl as receptor.

eLife·2025

Same author

Pseudomonads coordinate innate defense against viruses and bacteria with a single regulatory system.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

Evaluation of solutions for stabilizing feces in metabolomics studies using GC × GC-TOFMS.

Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society·2025

Same author

Beyond genomics in Patescibacteria: A trove of unexplored biology packed into ultrasmall bacteria.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2024

Same journal

Genetic basis of R-phase H:z27 antigen expression and phylogenetic relationships of Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg.

FEMS microbiology letters·2026

Same journal

Chitin metabolism enhancement by β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1,4)-D-glucosamine in Vibrio is associated with chitin disaccharide transporter.

FEMS microbiology letters·2026

Same journal

The Type III Secretion System plasmid pPHDPT3 of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida is stable in Australian isolates due to conserved non-repetitive genomic architecture.

FEMS microbiology letters·2026

Same journal

Multi-copy aiiA genes encoding quorum-quenching enzymes in Bacillus thuringiensis: identification and functional characterization of the novel AHL-lactonase, AiiA2.

FEMS microbiology letters·2026

Same journal

Recombination mapping identifies a commensal Neisseria subflava origin of mosaic penA 60.001 allele in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

FEMS microbiology letters·2026

Same journal

Long vs. short read sequencing for microbial ecology of sedimentary environments: a case study from Lake Arnon, Switzerland.

FEMS microbiology letters·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli

Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli

Published on: March 16, 2011

Genetic elements for selection, deletion mutagenesis and complementation in Francisella spp.

Jagjit S Ludu¹, Eli B Nix, Barry N Duplantis

¹Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.

FEMS Microbiology Letters

|November 21, 2007

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new tools for studying Francisella novicida, a pathogen causing tularemia-like disease. These tools include antibiotic resistance markers and vectors to aid genetic manipulation and understand this important bacterium.

More Related Videos

Gene-targeted Random Mutagenesis to Select Heterochromatin-destabilizing Proteasome Mutants in Fission Yeast

Gene-targeted Random Mutagenesis to Select Heterochromatin-destabilizing Proteasome Mutants in Fission Yeast

Published on: May 15, 2018

Markerless Gene Deletion by Floxed Cassette Allelic Exchange Mutagenesis in Chlamydia trachomatis

Markerless Gene Deletion by Floxed Cassette Allelic Exchange Mutagenesis in Chlamydia trachomatis

Published on: January 31, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 1, 2026

Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli

Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli

Published on: March 16, 2011

Gene-targeted Random Mutagenesis to Select Heterochromatin-destabilizing Proteasome Mutants in Fission Yeast

Gene-targeted Random Mutagenesis to Select Heterochromatin-destabilizing Proteasome Mutants in Fission Yeast

Published on: May 15, 2018

Markerless Gene Deletion by Floxed Cassette Allelic Exchange Mutagenesis in Chlamydia trachomatis

Markerless Gene Deletion by Floxed Cassette Allelic Exchange Mutagenesis in Chlamydia trachomatis

Published on: January 31, 2020

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Genetics
Bacteriology

Background:

Francisella novicida is a Gram-negative bacterium closely related to Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia.
F. novicida infection in mice serves as a relevant model for studying human tularemia.
Genomic similarity between F. novicida and F. tularensis necessitates effective genetic tools for both pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop novel genetic tools for Francisella novicida.
To enhance selection and genetic manipulation capabilities in F. novicida and F. tularensis.
To facilitate further research into the pathogenesis of tularemia.

Main Methods:

Construction of antibiotic marker cassettes with strong F. novicida promoters.
Development of low-copy plasmid vectors and an integrating vector.
Description of two general approaches for deletion mutagenesis in F. novicida.

Main Results:

Successfully constructed antibiotic marker cassettes that improve selection efficiency in F. novicida and F. tularensis.
Created functional low-copy plasmid and integrating vectors for genetic complementation studies.
Established reliable methods for deletion mutagenesis in F. novicida.

Conclusions:

The developed genetic tools significantly advance the study of F. novicida.
These tools are applicable to both F. novicida and F. tularensis, aiding tularemia research.
The new vectors and mutagenesis approaches will facilitate deeper understanding of Francisella pathogenesis.