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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

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Telomerase reverse transcriptase expression elevated by avian leukosis virus integration in B cell lymphomas.

Feng Yang¹, Rena R Xian, Yingying Li

¹Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|November 21, 2007

Summary

Avian leukosis virus (ALV) insertional mutagenesis activates telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) in chicken lymphomas. This retroviral up-regulation of TERT by insertional activation promotes tumor progression.

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Virology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Retroviruses can cause tumors by integrating into host DNA, affecting oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
Understanding these integration sites reveals tumorigenesis mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify avian leukosis virus (ALV) proviral integration sites in rapid-onset B cell lymphomas.
To investigate the role of these integrations in tumor development and gene expression.

Main Methods:

Inverse PCR was used to identify 28 unique viral integration sites in tumors.
Southern blots confirmed clonal integration events.
Real-time RT-PCR assessed TERT mRNA expression and telomerase activity.

Main Results:

Four tumors showed integration in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter/enhancer region.
TERT mRNA and telomerase activity were significantly upregulated in tumors with TERT promoter integrations.
Viral LTR sequences directly enhanced TERT promoter-driven reporter gene expression.

Conclusions:

Retroviral insertional activation of the TERT promoter is a mechanism for up-regulating TERT in B cell lymphomas.
This up-regulation of TERT by ALV contributes to tumor initiation or progression.