Nerve injuries related to vascular access insertion and assessment

Nerve injury related to the insertion of peripheral IV catheters, venipuncture for blood collection, and the insertion of peripherally inserted central catheters is the most commonly reported insertion complication. Nurses who insert peripheral and central vascular access devices are responsible, both clinically and legally, to have a working knowledge of the vascular, arterial, and nerve anatomy of the upper extremity. Nerve compression injury is related to large infiltrations and extravasations that can cause compartment syndrome. A hematoma can develop when inadequate pressure is applied to vascular and arterial puncture sites and can result in nerve compression injury. These injuries are preventable when nurses select appropriate sites for insertion of vascular access devices, assess IV sites timely and properly, and use proper venipuncture techniques.