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Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
ATP Synthase: Structure01:18

ATP Synthase: Structure

ATP synthase or ATPase is among the most conserved proteins found in bacteria, mammals, and plants. This enzyme can catalyze a forward reaction in response to the electrochemical gradient, producing ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. ATP synthase can also work in a reverse direction by hydrolyzing ATP and generating an electrochemical gradient. Different forms of ATP synthases have evolved special features to meet the specific demands of the cell. Based on their specific feature, ATP...
ATP Synthase: Mechanism01:48

ATP Synthase: Mechanism

In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased ATP...
ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and are...
Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps

The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Measuring Cation Transport by Na,K- and H,K-ATPase in Xenopus Oocytes by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: An Alternative to Radioisotope Assays
12:48

Measuring Cation Transport by Na,K- and H,K-ATPase in Xenopus Oocytes by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: An Alternative to Radioisotope Assays

Published on: February 19, 2013

V-ATPase functions in normal and disease processes.

Ayana Hinton1, Sarah Bond, Michael Forgac

  • 1Department of Physiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA.

Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology
|November 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Vacuolar (H+)-ATPases (V-ATPases) regulate cellular pH and are vital for normal cell functions. Dysfunctional V-ATPases cause diseases like osteopetrosis and renal tubule acidosis, highlighting their therapeutic potential.

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Measuring In Vitro ATPase Activity for Enzymatic Characterization
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Measuring In Vitro ATPase Activity for Enzymatic Characterization

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F1FO ATPase Vesicle Preparation and Technique for Performing Patch Clamp Recordings of Submitochondrial Vesicle Membranes
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F1FO ATPase Vesicle Preparation and Technique for Performing Patch Clamp Recordings of Submitochondrial Vesicle Membranes

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Measuring Cation Transport by Na,K- and H,K-ATPase in Xenopus Oocytes by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: An Alternative to Radioisotope Assays
12:48

Measuring Cation Transport by Na,K- and H,K-ATPase in Xenopus Oocytes by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: An Alternative to Radioisotope Assays

Published on: February 19, 2013

Measuring In Vitro ATPase Activity for Enzymatic Characterization
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F1FO ATPase Vesicle Preparation and Technique for Performing Patch Clamp Recordings of Submitochondrial Vesicle Membranes
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F1FO ATPase Vesicle Preparation and Technique for Performing Patch Clamp Recordings of Submitochondrial Vesicle Membranes

Published on: May 4, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Eukaryotic cells utilize vacuolar (H+)-ATPases (V-ATPases) to regulate pH in various cellular compartments and extracellular spaces.
  • V-ATPases are crucial for intracellular processes like endocytosis, membrane traffic, protein processing, and ion transport.
  • They also play roles in pathogen entry, bone resorption, kidney acid secretion, and immune cell function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the diverse roles of V-ATPases in eukaryotic cellular functions.
  • To highlight the involvement of V-ATPases in normal physiological processes and human diseases.
  • To underscore the potential of V-ATPases as therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on V-ATPases.
  • Analysis of V-ATPase function in intracellular compartments and plasma membranes.
  • Examination of V-ATPase roles in both normal physiology and disease pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • V-ATPases regulate pH for cellular homeostasis and are essential for processes such as endocytosis, protein degradation, and coupled transport.
  • Plasma membrane V-ATPases are critical for osteoclast function, kidney acid secretion, immune cell pH balance, angiogenesis, and sperm maturation.
  • Genetic defects in V-ATPases lead to diseases including osteopetrosis and renal tubule acidosis, and they are implicated in cancer invasion.

Conclusions:

  • V-ATPases are fundamental to cellular pH regulation and diverse physiological functions.
  • Dysregulation of V-ATPases is linked to significant human diseases, including metabolic disorders and cancer.
  • V-ATPases represent promising therapeutic targets for treating osteoporosis, cancer, and other V-ATPase-associated pathologies.