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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy01:26

Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy

This lesson explores three gastrointestinal imaging techniques: radionuclide testing, colonic transit studies, and virtual colonoscopy.
Radionuclide Testing
Radionuclide testing is a sophisticated medical technique for assessing gastrointestinal motility. It focuses on gastric emptying and colonic transit time. Radioactive markers track the movement of food through the digestive system, providing insights into gastrointestinal disorders.
In gastric emptying studies, a meal's liquid and solid...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT01:28

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT

Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

DUCT: Double Resin Casting followed by Micro-Computed Tomography for 3D Liver Analysis
12:39

DUCT: Double Resin Casting followed by Micro-Computed Tomography for 3D Liver Analysis

Published on: September 28, 2021

Primary 2D versus primary 3D polyp detection at screening CT colonography.

Perry J Pickhardt1, Andrew D Lee, Andrew J Taylor

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, E3/311 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792-3252, USA. pj.pickhardt@hosp.wisc.edu

AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
|November 22, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Primary 2D computed tomography colonography (CTC) is significantly less sensitive for detecting colorectal polyps compared to 3D CTC. This finding holds true even for experienced radiologists, highlighting the superiority of 3D evaluation in screening settings.

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Three-Dimensional Reconstruction for the Whole Lung with Early Multiple Pulmonary Nodules
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Three-Dimensional Reconstruction for the Whole Lung with Early Multiple Pulmonary Nodules

Published on: October 13, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Gastroenterology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Existing computed tomography colonography (CTC) trials show mixed results regarding 2D vs. 3D polyp detection sensitivity.
  • Direct evidence comparing primary 2D and 3D polyp detection sensitivity in CTC is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the sensitivity of primary 2D polyp detection in CTC using cases from a Department of Defense screening trial.
  • To compare the 2D detection results with primary 3D CTC evaluation and previous 2D CTC trials.

Main Methods:

  • Ten experienced radiologists retrospectively interpreted 730 CTC cases using a primary 2D approach, with 3D for problem-solving.
  • Performance was compared to the original trial's primary 3D CTC results from 1,233 cases.
  • Reviewers in the 2D arm had >100 CTC cases interpreted, exceeding the experience of reviewers in the original 3D trial.

Main Results:

  • Primary 2D CTC sensitivity for adenomas ≥6 mm was 44.1%, significantly lower than 3D CTC's 85.7% (p < 0.001).
  • Sensitivity for adenomas ≥10 mm was 75.0% for 2D vs. 92.2% for 3D (p = 0.027).
  • By-patient specificity was comparable: 98.1% for 2D vs. 97.4% for 3D at the 10-mm threshold (p = 0.336).

Conclusions:

  • Primary 2D CTC demonstrates significantly lower sensitivity for polyp detection compared to primary 3D CTC in low-prevalence screening cohorts.
  • The observed low 2D sensitivity aligns with findings from previous CTC trials utilizing a primary 2D approach.