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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies. Common...
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...

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Experimental Endocarditis Model of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Rat
07:46

Experimental Endocarditis Model of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Rat

Published on: June 4, 2012

Infective endocarditis caused by nutritionally variant streptococci.

Cheng-Hsin Lin1, Ron-Bin Hsu

  • 1Department of Surgery, University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7 Chung-Shan S. Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
|November 22, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS) endocarditis is serious, but penicillin and gentamicin showed success. Early surgery is vital for heart failure patients with NVS endocarditis.

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Experimental Endocarditis Model of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Rat
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Published on: April 7, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS) endocarditis presents higher complication, bacteriologic failure, and mortality rates compared to other streptococcal endocarditis.
  • Existing knowledge on NVS endocarditis is outdated, based on data from 1987.
  • Recent reports suggest successful antibiotic treatment without surgery, prompting further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the clinical outcomes of infective endocarditis caused by NVS.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic regimens and surgical interventions in NVS endocarditis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case note review of patients diagnosed with NVS endocarditis between 1996 and 2006.
  • Analysis of treatment regimens, including initial antibiotic therapy and subsequent changes.
  • Assessment of surgical interventions such as valve replacement and repair.

Main Results:

  • Eight cases of NVS endocarditis were identified (4 Abiotrophia defectiva, 4 Granulicatella adiacens).
  • Large vegetations (≥10 mm) and embolization occurred in 7 and 3 patients, respectively.
  • Initial penicillin and gentamicin treatment was successful in 3 patients; 4 patients underwent successful early valve replacement due to heart failure, with zero mortality or relapse.

Conclusions:

  • Antibiotic therapy with penicillin and gentamicin demonstrates a high success rate for NVS endocarditis.
  • Early surgical intervention is crucial for patients experiencing deteriorating heart failure secondary to valve destruction in NVS endocarditis.