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Related Concept Videos

Behaviorism01:28

Behaviorism

The field of behaviorism was pioneered by figures such as Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner fundamentally shifted the focus of psychology to the observable and controllable aspects of human and animal behavior. This shift marked a critical evolution in the discipline, emphasizing scientific rigor and experimental methodology.
The core premise of behaviorism is its focus on observable behavior rather than internal thoughts or feelings. This approach argues that true scientific...
Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process information is...
Introduction to Cognitive Psychology01:20

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
Scientific Nature of Social Psychology01:30

Scientific Nature of Social Psychology

Social psychology is a scientific discipline dedicated to understanding how individuals think, feel, and behave in social contexts. Unlike common sense, which relies on anecdotal experiences and intuition, social psychology employs systematic research and empirical methods to ensure objectivity and reliability. This distinction is fundamental in distinguishing scientifically supported findings from mere speculation.Four fundamental scientific values guide a structured approach to research in...
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are themselves.
Cognition and Behavior01:23

Cognition and Behavior

Social psychology examines the complex interplay between individual mental processes and social interactions. Historically, the field was divided into two domains: social behavior and social cognition. Researchers focusing on social behavior analyzed actions within social contexts, such as conformity, aggression, or cooperation. Meanwhile, social cognition researchers investigated how people perceive, interpret, and mentally represent their social environments. However, modern perspectives no...

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Ole Isacson: Development of New Therapies for Parkinson's Disease
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Published on: April 29, 2007

Advice to young behavioral and cognitive scientists.

Ronald G Weisman1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada. ronald.weisman@queensu.ca

Behavioural Processes
|November 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This article offers guidance for behavioral and cognitive scientists, emphasizing a natural science approach to studying behavior and cognition. It advises starting with natural phenomena and using strong inference and peer review to advance scientific discovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Science
  • Cognitive Science
  • Ethology
  • Comparative Cognition

Background:

  • Drawing inspiration from Medawar's "Advice to a Young Scientist."
  • Addresses the specific needs and challenges of early-career researchers in behavioral and cognitive sciences.
  • Highlights the fundamental nature of studying comparative cognition and behavior as natural sciences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide practical advice and guiding principles for young scientists in behavioral and cognitive fields.
  • To encourage a research approach grounded in natural phenomena and laboratory investigation.
  • To offer strategies for enhancing research quality, collaboration, and scientific writing.

Main Methods:

  • Recommends grounding research in observable natural phenomena before laboratory investigation.
  • Advocates for collaborative research to broaden scientific competence.
  • Suggests employing Tinbergen's four "why" questions and Platt's "strong inference" for robust hypothesis testing.
  • Incorporates Popper's principle of falsification through positive controls.
  • Emphasizes clear scientific writing, referencing Strunk and White's "The Elements of Style."

Main Results:

  • Provides a framework for conducting rigorous scientific inquiry in behavioral and cognitive sciences.
  • Offers actionable advice on improving research design, methodology, and interpretation.
  • Guides scientists on effectively navigating the peer-review process, from submission to revision.

Conclusions:

  • Adherence to scientific principles, including a naturalistic approach and strong inference, is crucial for advancing behavioral and cognitive science.
  • Effective collaboration and clear communication are vital for scientific progress.
  • Understanding and utilizing the peer-review process can significantly enhance the quality and impact of scientific research.