Neural crest motility on fibronectin is regulated by integrin activation
1Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, School of Medicine, 20 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132-3401, USA.
Experimental Cell Research
|November 27, 2007
Summary
Neural crest cell (NCC) migration on fibronectin depends on integrin receptor regulation. Cranial and trunk NCCs show distinct responses to integrin activation, influencing their motility.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Biology
- Cell Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Cell migration is crucial for embryonic development, particularly for neural crest cells (NCCs).
- While receptor recycling impacts NCC motility on laminin, mechanisms for fibronectin (FN) migration are less understood.
- Integrin receptor affinity modulation is a key cellular motility regulator.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of integrin functional regulation in cranial and trunk NCC migration on fibronectin.
- To elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing NCC motility on fibronectin substrates.
Main Methods:
- Culturing cranial and trunk NCCs on fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LM) substrates.
- Utilizing manganese (Mn2+) treatment to activate all surface integrins.
- Analyzing NCC velocity and the distribution/number of activated integrin beta 1 receptors.
Main Results:
- NCC velocity decreased on fibronectin after Mn2+ treatment, but not on laminin.
- Integrin beta 1 receptor distribution was substratum-dependent.
- Cranial NCCs exhibited FN concentration-dependent velocity changes, unlike trunk NCCs.
- Mn2+ treatment differentially affected activated integrin beta 1 distribution and numbers in cranial and trunk NCCs.
Conclusions:
- Cranial and trunk NCCs utilize functional integrin regulation for efficient fibronectin migration.
- Integrin activation and receptor clustering likely determine NCC motility on fibronectin.
- Differential responses suggest distinct regulatory mechanisms between cranial and trunk NCCs on fibronectin.
Related Concept Videos
01:15Activation of Integrins
Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding events provide an effective stimulus.
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding events provide an effective stimulus.
01:17Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions
Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Some...
01:25Fibronectins Connect Cells with ECM
Fibronectin is an adhesive glycoprotein present in the extracellular matrix of embryogenic and adult tissue. These molecules primarily aid in regulating cell motility and attachment. A fibronectin molecule is composed of two identical polypeptide chains attached to each other by a pair of disulfide bonds at the C-terminal.
Both proteoglycans and collagen are attached to fibronectin proteins, which, in turn, are attached to integrin proteins. These integrin proteins interact with transmembrane...
Both proteoglycans and collagen are attached to fibronectin proteins, which, in turn, are attached to integrin proteins. These integrin proteins interact with transmembrane...
01:19Cell Migration
Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
01:09Cell Migration
Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
01:10Integrins
Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM.
Some ECM proteins assemble into a basement membrane to which the remaining components adhere. Proteoglycans typically form the bulk of the ECM while fibrous proteins, like collagen,...
Some ECM proteins assemble into a basement membrane to which the remaining components adhere. Proteoglycans typically form the bulk of the ECM while fibrous proteins, like collagen,...