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Acetyl L-Carnitine Nanoparticles Modulate Neuronal and Inflammatory Responses in In Vitro Cell Model
Alessia Mariano1,2, Benedetta Brugnoli3, Iolanda Francolini3
1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|August 13, 2026
Summary
Nanoparticle formulations of Acetyl L-carnitine (ALC) show enhanced neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. These ALC nanoparticles improve therapeutic efficacy for neurological disorders, potentially reducing required dosage and administration frequency.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Nanotechnology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Acetyl L-carnitine (ALC) possesses neuroprotective properties but requires high doses for central nervous system efficacy.
- Nanotechnology offers a strategy to enhance drug bioavailability and targeting.
- Limitations in ALC delivery necessitate advanced formulation approaches.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of nanoparticle-based Acetyl L-carnitine (ALC) formulations.
- To compare nanoparticle ALC with conventional bulk ALC in vitro.
- To assess neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of ALC nanoparticles.
Main Methods:
- ALC nanoparticles synthesized via solvent-free mechanical ball milling.
- Nanoparticle characterization using Dynamic Light Scattering and Thermogravimetric Analysis.
- Biological evaluation using cell cultures (SH-SY5Y), RT-qPCR, ELISA, and immunofluorescence.
Main Results:
- ALC nanoparticles reduced S100B release and pro-inflammatory markers (interleukin mRNA/protein, p65 activation) via NF-κB pathway inhibition.
- Nanoparticle formulation stimulated nerve growth factor release.
- Increased intracellular Ca++ levels indicated neuroprotective effects.
Conclusions:
- ALC nanoparticles demonstrate significant anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective potential.
- Nanotechnology enhances ALC efficacy, suggesting reduced dosage and frequency for neurological disorders.
- ALC nanoparticles represent a promising therapeutic strategy for treating neurological conditions.
