Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 29, 2026
08:52
Software-Assisted Quantitative Measurement of Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Thickness
Published on: March 18, 2022
3.6K
Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Osteoarthritis: Potential Implications for Nutrigenetics and Precision Nutrition
Alessia Mariano1,2, Anna Scotto d'Abusco1, Sergio Ammendola3
1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
Nutrients
|March 28, 2026
Summary
Diet and specific nutrients impact osteoarthritis (OA) progression by influencing inflammation and cartilage health. Understanding nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics can lead to personalized nutrition strategies for OA management.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Genetics
- Rheumatology
Background:
- Osteoarthritis (OA) affects 7% of the global population, driven by environmental, inflammatory, and genetic factors.
- Diet and specific food components are increasingly recognized for their role in OA onset and progression.
- Nutritional interventions can modulate inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, and cartilage metabolism.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the interplay between diet, nutraceuticals, and genetic variations in OA.
- To explore genotype-independent dietary effects versus personalized nutrition approaches for OA.
- To clarify inconsistent findings and highlight precision nutrition's potential in OA management.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of current scientific literature.
- Examination of evidence on diet, nutraceuticals, and common genetic variants in OA.
- Integration of genetic, metabolic, and nutritional data.
Main Results:
- Dietary patterns and bioactive compounds influence OA pathophysiology through gene expression and cellular signaling.
- Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics explain interindividual variability in dietary responses.
- Personalized nutrition, considering genetic background and metabolic profile, shows promise for OA.
Conclusions:
- Diet plays a significant role in OA, with effects mediated by molecular pathways.
- Precision nutrition offers a complementary strategy for OA prevention and management.
- Tailored nutritional plans considering genetics and comorbidities can optimize OA outcomes.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu
109
Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
109
01:27Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants
94
The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
94
01:11Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS
16.6K
Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
16.6K
01:29Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets
76
Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
76
01:27Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview
111
Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...
111
01:11Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase
68
Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
68