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Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
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Intra-articular Methotrexate-Loaded Microsponge as an Adjuvant Strategy for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Localized Treatment

Patrizia Nadia Hanieh1, Noemi Fiaschini1, Anna Scotto d'Abusco2

  • 1Nanofaber S.r.l., Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
|February 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intra-articular methotrexate microspheres (MTX-MSP) offer sustained rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment by enhancing joint drug retention and reducing systemic toxicity. This localized therapy shows significant anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo.

Keywords:
advanced therapiesintra-articular deliverymicrospongespathological synovial fluidrheumatoid arthritissustained release

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Rheumatology
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involves chronic joint inflammation and destruction.
  • Current methotrexate (MTX) therapy has limitations in joint targeting and systemic toxicity.
  • Intra-articular (IA) drug delivery offers localized treatment potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate an intra-articular methotrexate-loaded microsponge (MTX-MSP) formulation for enhanced RA treatment.
  • To assess the sustained release, biocompatibility, and anti-inflammatory efficacy of MTX-MSP.
  • To investigate the therapeutic potential of IA MTX-MSP in a preclinical RA model.

Main Methods:

  • MTX-MSP synthesized using hyaluronic acid cross-linking.
  • Drug release and carrier stability evaluated in pathological human synovial fluid (HSF).
  • In vitro studies on RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes and in vivo efficacy in a collagen-induced arthritis rat model.

Main Results:

  • MTX-MSP demonstrated sustained drug release over 14 days in HSF with minimal burst release.
  • Rheological analysis confirmed injectability and favorable interaction with synovial fluid.
  • In vitro, MTX-MSP significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) compared to free MTX.
  • In vivo, IA MTX-MSP improved joint histology and suggested systemic immunomodulation.

Conclusions:

  • IA MTX-MSP provides prolonged drug release and potent anti-inflammatory activity for RA.
  • This formulation enhances localized drug retention, minimizing systemic exposure and toxicity.
  • MTX-MSP represents a promising localized drug delivery strategy for managing rheumatoid arthritis.