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Related Concept Videos

Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Assessing Somatic Hypermutation in Ramos B Cells after Overexpression or Knockdown of Specific Genes
08:12

Assessing Somatic Hypermutation in Ramos B Cells after Overexpression or Knockdown of Specific Genes

Published on: November 1, 2011

Brca1 in immunoglobulin gene conversion and somatic hypermutation.

Simonne Longerich1, Brian J Orelli, Richard W Martin

  • 1Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

DNA Repair
|November 27, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Breast cancer susceptibility gene Brca1 regulates DNA repair pathways. Brca1 deficiency alters immunoglobulin gene diversification by reducing gene conversion and increasing point mutations in chicken cells.

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Identifying the Effects of BRCA1 Mutations on Homologous Recombination using Cells that Express Endogenous Wild-type BRCA1
08:53

Identifying the Effects of BRCA1 Mutations on Homologous Recombination using Cells that Express Endogenous Wild-type BRCA1

Published on: February 17, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Defects in Brca1 are linked to breast cancer and genomic instability.
  • Brca1 plays a role in DNA break repair, particularly homologous recombination.
  • Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates programmed DNA breaks in B lymphocytes for immunoglobulin diversification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Brca1 in Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-dependent immunoglobulin diversification.
  • To determine how Brca1 deficiency affects DNA repair and mutation patterns in chicken DT40 cells.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized chicken DT40 cell line, known for immunoglobulin Vlambda diversification.
  • Compared Vlambda diversification patterns in wild-type versus Brca1-deficient DT40 cells.
  • Analyzed the relative proportions of gene conversion and point mutations.

Main Results:

  • Brca1 deficiency caused a significant shift in Vlambda diversification.
  • The proportion of gene conversion was reduced, while point mutations increased in Brca1-deficient cells.
  • The phenotype of Brca1-deficient cells differed from FancD2-deficient cells.

Conclusions:

  • Brca1 plays a regulatory role in AID-dependent DNA lesion repair pathways.
  • Brca1 influences the choice between different DNA repair mechanisms during immunoglobulin diversification.
  • Brca1's function in DNA repair is distinct from FancD2, despite their interaction.