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Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Production of High-Titer Infectious Influenza Pseudotyped Particles with Envelope Glycoproteins from Highly Pathogenic H5N1 and Avian H7N9 Viruses
08:10

Production of High-Titer Infectious Influenza Pseudotyped Particles with Envelope Glycoproteins from Highly Pathogenic H5N1 and Avian H7N9 Viruses

Published on: January 15, 2020

[Paramyxovirus budding].

Takashi Irie1, Takemasa Sakaguchi

  • 1Department of Virology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan. tirie@hiroshima-u.ac.jp

Uirusu
|November 28, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Enveloped viruses utilize L-domain motifs to interact with host cell machinery for budding. This review explores paramyxovirus budding, focusing on the role of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) pathway.

Area of Science:

  • Virology and Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Context:

  • Enveloped virus budding is a critical process for viral replication and spread.
  • L-domain motifs in viral proteins mediate interactions with host cellular machinery.
  • The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) pathway is known to be involved in the budding of many enveloped viruses.

Purpose:

  • To review the current understanding of enveloped virus budding mechanisms.
  • To specifically investigate the budding process of paramyxoviruses.
  • To discuss the potential involvement of host cellular MVB sorting machinery in paramyxovirus budding, particularly concerning L-domain motifs and ESCRT pathway dependency.

Summary:

  • Viral L-domain motifs facilitate virus budding by interacting with host proteins involved in endocytosis and multi-vesicular body (MVB) sorting.

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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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  • The cellular Vps4 enzyme, crucial for ESCRT machinery disassembly, is often implicated in the final stages of enveloped virus budding.
  • This review focuses on paramyxoviruses, examining their budding mechanisms where L-domain motifs are not yet identified and MVB involvement is unclear.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights knowledge gaps in enveloped virus budding, particularly for viruses lacking identified L-domains.
    • Provides insights into the specific budding strategies of paramyxoviruses.
    • Contributes to a deeper understanding of host-pathogen interactions during viral replication, potentially informing antiviral strategies.