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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
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Minerals

Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Impact of Common Fruit Juices and Toothbrushing on the Discoloration of Primary Teeth
04:40

Impact of Common Fruit Juices and Toothbrushing on the Discoloration of Primary Teeth

Published on: March 27, 2026

Caries risk-based fluoride supplementation for children.

Woosung Sohn1, Amid I Ismail, L Susan Taichman

  • 1School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. woosung@umich.edu

Pediatric Dentistry
|November 29, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Primary care physicians often overlook a child's specific cavity risk when prescribing fluoride supplements. Education is needed to help doctors tailor preventive care based on individual caries risk assessments.

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

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Systematic Approach to Identify Novel Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Molecules from Plants' Extracts and Fractions to Prevent Dental Caries
08:20

Systematic Approach to Identify Novel Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Molecules from Plants' Extracts and Fractions to Prevent Dental Caries

Published on: March 31, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Public Health
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Fluoride supplementation is a key strategy for preventing childhood caries.
  • Current guidelines recommend tailoring fluoride use based on a child's caries risk.
  • Primary care physicians play a crucial role in implementing preventive dental recommendations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess primary care physicians' (PCPs) adherence to caries risk-based fluoride supplement recommendations.
  • To compare PCP decisions with expert consensus (CDC) for varying caries risk scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • A national survey was conducted using mailed questionnaires with case scenarios of 2-year-old children (low vs. high caries risk).
  • Participants included a representative sample of US family physicians (FPs) and pediatricians (PDs).
  • Physician responses were compared against Centers for Disease Control (CDC) expert recommendations.

Main Results:

  • Physician agreement with CDC recommendations was high for high-caries-risk children (76% FPs, 80% PDs).
  • Agreement significantly dropped for low-caries-risk children (15% FPs, 7% PDs).
  • Response rates were 43% for FPs and 52% for PDs.

Conclusions:

  • Most PCPs do not consistently individualize fluoride supplement recommendations based on caries risk.
  • Physicians require enhanced education to accurately identify and manage children at high risk for caries.
  • Improved risk assessment education can optimize the effectiveness of preventive dental regimens.