Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 9, 2026
08:20
Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
Published on: October 2, 2019
A case-control study of the environmental risk factors for narcolepsy
Dante Picchioni1, Chris R Hope, John R Harsh
1Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA. dante.picchioni@amedd.army.mil
Neuroepidemiology
|November 29, 2007
Summary
Environmental factors like flu infections and changes in sleep habits increase narcolepsy risk, particularly before puberty. Further research is needed for a complete understanding of this sleep disorder.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Sleep Medicine
- Environmental Health
Background:
- Environmental factors are crucial in narcolepsy development, yet under-researched.
- This study investigates environmental triggers for narcolepsy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the risk of environmental stressors and infectious diseases in narcolepsy etiology.
- To identify specific environmental factors contributing to narcolepsy onset.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study design was employed.
- 63 HLA-DQB1*0602 positive narcolepsy cases with cataplexy were compared to 63 controls.
- Risk factors were assessed via a self-administered questionnaire on frequency and timing.
Main Results:
- Influenza infections and unexplained fevers were significant infectious risk factors.
- Major changes in sleeping habits were identified as a significant stressor.
- Exposure to risk factors before puberty substantially increased narcolepsy risk.
Conclusions:
- Environmental factors play a critical role in narcolepsy etiology.
- Further research into environmental influences is essential for a comprehensive understanding of narcolepsy.
- Understanding these factors can aid in managing this disorder affecting 1 in 2,000 individuals.
Related Concept Videos
01:07Narcolepsy
Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
01:24Sleep-Wake Cycles
Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
01:24Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
01:22Case Studies
There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand, describe, and explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it.
01:24Parkinson Disease l: Introduction
Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...