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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...

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Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids

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Published on: August 23, 2018

Supported ionic liquid phase rhodium nanoparticle hydrogenation catalysts.

Marcos A Gelesky¹, Sandra S X Chiaro, Flávio A Pavan

¹Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry-UFRGS, P.O.Box 15003, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)

|November 29, 2007

Summary

This study immobilized rhodium (Rh) nanoparticles in silica using ionic liquids. Acidic conditions improved ionic liquid encapsulation and pore size, enhancing alkene hydrogenation catalyst activity.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Catalysis
Nanotechnology

Background:

Immobilizing metal nanoparticles in solid supports is crucial for heterogeneous catalysis.
Ionic liquids offer unique properties for dispersing and stabilizing nanoparticles.
Sol-gel methods provide versatile routes for creating porous silica supports.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of sol-gel catalyst type (acid vs. base) on the properties of silica-supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalysts.
To evaluate the impact of silica morphology and ionic liquid content on the catalytic activity of Rh(0) nanoparticles.
To understand the relationship between catalyst preparation conditions and alkene hydrogenation performance.

Main Methods:

Preparation of silica-supported rhodium nanoparticles using the sol-gel method with an ionic liquid (1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate).
Characterization of the resulting xerogels, including Rh(0) and ionic liquid content, silica morphology, and pore structure.
Evaluation of the catalytic activity of the immobilized catalysts in alkene hydrogenation reactions.

Main Results:

Rhodium nanoparticle content (ca. 0.1 wt% Rh/SiO(2)) was independent of the sol-gel catalyst.
Acidic sol-gel conditions resulted in higher ionic liquid encapsulation and larger pore diameters in the silica matrix.
Catalysts prepared under acidic conditions exhibited enhanced activity in alkene hydrogenation.

Conclusions:

The choice of sol-gel catalyst significantly affects the properties of Rh-SILP catalysts.
Larger pore diameters and higher ionic liquid content, achieved under acidic conditions, correlate with improved hydrogenation activity.
This work highlights the importance of tailoring sol-gel synthesis parameters for optimizing SILP catalyst performance.