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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice
09:15

The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice

Published on: February 4, 2015

Is the prefrontal cortex necessary for establishing cognitive sets?

James B Rowe1, Katsuyuki Sakai, Torben E Lund

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom. james.rowe@mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|November 30, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The rostral prefrontal cortex is crucial for cognitive set formation. Damage impairs functional brain connectivity, impacting task switching and working memory performance.

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Published on: February 4, 2015

An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice
08:35

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Published on: January 22, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuropsychology

Background:

  • Neuroimaging suggests the prefrontal cortex's role in preparing for tasks.
  • The rostral prefrontal cortex's specific contribution to task set establishment remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the essential role of the rostral prefrontal cortex in establishing cognitive sets.
  • To determine if rostral prefrontal cortex lesions affect task switching and functional brain connectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Examined patients with unilateral rostral prefrontal cortex lesions performing spatial and verbal working memory tasks.
  • Utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals and functional connectivity.
  • Measured switch costs and error rates during task performance after instructional delays.

Main Results:

  • Patients with rostral prefrontal cortex lesions exhibited increased switch costs and errors.
  • Lesioned patients could establish regional task set activity but showed reduced functional connectivity between task-related brain regions compared to controls.
  • Sustained BOLD signal changes in caudal frontal regions indicated preserved regional activation.

Conclusions:

  • The left rostral prefrontal cortex is essential for establishing cognitive sets.
  • Its primary function appears to be supporting functional connectivity among task-related brain regions, rather than solely initiating task set activity.