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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
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Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Cortical Bone Assessment Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves: A Reproducibility Study in a Healthy Population

Cortical Bone Assessment Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves: A Reproducibility Study in a Healthy Population

Published on: January 31, 2025

Screening for bone health in epilepsy.

Raj D Sheth¹, Cynthia L Harden

¹Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA. sheth@neurology.wisc.edu

|December 6, 2007

Summary

Patients with epilepsy face fracture risks from falls and reduced bone mass linked to seizures and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Screening bone health aids early intervention for at-risk individuals.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Endocrinology
Bone Metabolism

Background:

Epilepsy patients, both young and elderly, are susceptible to fractures.
Seizures and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) contribute to falls and reduced bone mass.
Both enzyme-inducing and non-enzyme-inducing AEDs may negatively impact bone health.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the fracture risks in epilepsy patients.
To emphasize the role of AEDs in epilepsy bone disease.
To advocate for bone health screening in epilepsy management.

Main Methods:

Review of factors contributing to bone disease in epilepsy.
Discussion of direct bone health measures like DEXA scans.
Consideration of indirect biochemical markers of bone turnover.

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Main Results:

Epilepsy and AEDs are associated with increased fracture risk.
Lowered bone mass is a significant complication.
Screening can identify high-risk patients.

Conclusions:

Bone health screening is crucial for epilepsy patients.
Early identification allows for timely intervention.
Comprehensive assessment includes bone densitometry and biochemical markers.