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Plane Electromagnetic Waves I

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The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
The EM field is assumed to be a...

Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges

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Atoms generally contain the same number of positively and negatively charged particles, protons, and electrons. Hence, they are electrically neutral. However, the centers of the positive and negative charges do not always coincide. In such a scenario, the electric field of an atom may not be zero.
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Electric Field of a Non Uniformly Charged Sphere

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Gauss's law states that the electric flux through any closed surface equals the net charge enclosed within the surface. This law is beneficial for determining the expressions for the electric field for a particular charge distribution if the electric flux is known.
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The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in the...

Calculation of Electric Flux

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Consider the electric field of an oppositely charged, parallel-plate system and an imaginary box between those plates. Let the bottom face of the box be ABCD, and the top face be FGHK. The electric field between the plates is uniform and points from the positive plate toward the negative plate. The calculation of this field's flux through the box's various faces shows that the net flux through the box is zero. Why does the flux cancel out here?

Electromagnetic Fields

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Electric fields generated by static charges, often referred to as electrostatic fields, are characteristically different from electric fields created by time-varying magnetic fields. While the former is a conservative field, implying that no net work is done on a test charge if it goes around in a complete loop in the field, the latter is, by definition, not a conservative field; net work is done, and it is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux.
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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

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Far-field radiation from quantum boxes located in pillar microcavities.

H Rigneault, J Broudic, B Gayral

|December 1, 2007

Summary

Small quantum boxes in pillar microcavities exhibit directional light emission. This controlled emission is crucial for developing single-photon sources for quantum communication technologies.

Area of Science:

Optics
Quantum Physics
Materials Science

Background:

Pillar microcavities are essential for confining light and enhancing light-matter interactions.
Quantum boxes serve as artificial atoms for light emission, with their properties tunable by cavity design.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the spatial and spectral characteristics of far-field radiation from quantum boxes within pillar microcavities.
To understand how microcavity geometry influences the emission properties of embedded quantum emitters.

Main Methods:

Spatial and spectral measurements of far-field radiation were performed at room temperature.
Analysis focused on the emission patterns and spectral features of quantum boxes in microcavities of varying diameters.

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Construction and Characterization of External Cavity Diode Lasers for Atomic Physics

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Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection

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Main Results:

Small-diameter pillars demonstrated directional emission, primarily along the fundamental cavity mode.
The spectral behavior was strongly influenced by the discrete modal structure of the microcavity.
Quantum boxes within these structures exhibited predictable emission characteristics.

Conclusions:

The study confirms that microcavity design, specifically pillar diameter, dictates the directionality and spectral properties of quantum box emission.
These findings are significant for the development of efficient single-photon sources for quantum communication and computation.