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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Mechanical Stimulation of Chondrocyte-agarose Hydrogels
12:45

Mechanical Stimulation of Chondrocyte-agarose Hydrogels

Published on: October 27, 2012

Optimizing CO2 normalizes pH and enhances chondrocyte viability during cold storage.

Brian N Dontchos1, Christian H Coyle, Nicholas J Izzo

  • 1Cartilage Restoration Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, BST E 1640, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15621, USA.

Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society
|December 1, 2007
PubMed
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Elevated pH reduces chondrocyte viability during cold storage of osteochondral allografts. Equilibrating storage media with 5% CO(2) normalizes pH, enhancing chondrocyte survival for cartilage repair.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Osteochondral allografts are crucial for repairing full-thickness cartilage defects.
  • Chondrocyte viability is essential for maintaining the structural integrity of transplanted cartilage.
  • Cold storage is a common method for preserving allografts, but can impact cell viability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of increased pH on chondrocyte viability during cold storage.
  • To determine if equilibrating Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with 5% CO(2) can normalize pH and improve chondrocyte survival at 4°C.
  • To assess chondrocyte viability in both isolated cells and intact osteochondral cores.

Main Methods:

  • Bovine articular chondrocytes in alginate beads were stored at 4°C or 37°C in DMEM exposed to ambient air or 5% CO(2).

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Mechanical Stimulation of Chondrocyte-agarose Hydrogels
12:45

Mechanical Stimulation of Chondrocyte-agarose Hydrogels

Published on: October 27, 2012

  • Chondrocyte viability was assessed using flow cytometry.
  • Osteochondral cores were stored for 14 days at 4°C in DMEM with or without HEPES and/or 5% CO(2).

    • Main Results:

    • Physiologic pH was maintained with 5% CO(2) equilibration, whereas ambient air led to increased pH.
    • Chondrocyte necrosis was significantly higher after 5 days of cold storage (4°C) in ambient air compared to 5% CO(2) equilibrated DMEM.
    • Storage at 37°C did not decrease chondrocyte viability.
    • Superficial chondrocytes in osteochondral cores showed improved viability when stored with HEPES or 5% CO(2) compared to ambient air.

    Conclusions:

    • Increased pH negatively impacts bovine chondrocyte viability during refrigerated (4°C) storage in DMEM.
    • Optimizing CO(2) levels to normalize pH is a viable strategy to enhance chondrocyte survival in stored allografts.
    • These findings support improved methods for preserving osteochondral allografts for cartilage repair applications.