[Masked depression--history and present days].

Area of Science:

• Psychiatry
• Clinical Psychology

Context:

• Masked depression, historically termed 'atypical depression' or 'hidden depression', was recognized in the mid-to-late 20th century.
• Characterized by somatic symptoms without clear organic causes, its depressive features were often subtle or absent.

Purpose:

• To highlight the continued relevance of masked depression despite its exclusion from current diagnostic systems like ICD-10 and DSM-IV.
• To underscore the diagnostic challenges and significant negative outcomes associated with this condition.

Summary:

• Masked depression manifests as physical ailments, obscuring underlying psychological distress.
• Though not explicitly classified in ICD-10 or DSM-IV, it is estimated to comprise 6-7% of all depressive disorders.
• Historical terms include depression equivalent, vegetative equivalent, and depression without depression.

Impact:

• Lack of diagnosis leads to severe somatic and psychological consequences for patients.
• Improper treatment negatively impacts social and professional life, potentially increasing suicide rates.
• Delayed or incorrect diagnosis results in substantial healthcare costs and patient suffering.