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Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living donor...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Murine Intrapulmonary Tracheal Transplantation: A Model for Investigating Obliterative Airway Disease After Lung Transplantation
06:15

Murine Intrapulmonary Tracheal Transplantation: A Model for Investigating Obliterative Airway Disease After Lung Transplantation

Published on: November 10, 2023

[Infection in lung transplantation].

Joan Gavaldà1, Antonio Román

  • 1Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. jgavalda@ir.vhebron.net

Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiologia Clinica
|December 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Lung transplantation offers a vital treatment for severe respiratory failure, but infections and chronic rejection, like bronchiolitis obliterans, significantly impact long-term survival and graft function.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transplant Surgery
  • Infectious Diseases

Context:

  • Lung transplantation is an established therapy for end-stage respiratory failure.
  • Graft dysfunction and reduced survival are common due to frequent complications.
  • Chronic rejection, specifically bronchiolitis obliterans, is a major barrier to long-term success.

Purpose:

  • To review the landscape of complications following lung transplantation.
  • To highlight the significant role of infections and chronic rejection in patient outcomes.
  • To underscore the importance of managing infectious agents and rejection episodes.

Summary:

  • Survival rates at 1, 2, and 5 years post-transplant are 74%, 65%, and 47%.
  • Bronchiolitis obliterans affects up to two-thirds of patients, with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and respiratory viruses as key risk factors.

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Murine Intrapulmonary Tracheal Transplantation: A Model for Investigating Obliterative Airway Disease After Lung Transplantation
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Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation
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  • Bacterial infections are most common (35-66%), followed by CMV (over 5% risk), and Aspergillus (4% incidence).

    • Impact:

    • Infectious complications contribute to significant morbidity and mortality, causing death in nearly half of lung transplant recipients.
    • Understanding these complications is crucial for developing targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
    • Improved management of infections and rejection can enhance long-term graft survival and patient outcomes.