Performance of focus measures in the presence of nondefocus aberrations

The purposes of the study were to compare the performance of ten representative focus measures in the presence of nondefocus aberrations and to evaluate their applicability to the eye. For fixed amounts of nondefocus aberrations, the amount of defocus was changed to generate a series of blurred images from which focus measure curves were derived. In the presence of small amounts of nondefocus aberrations, all focus measures showed unimodal and monotonic behavior, although there were large differences in their sensitivity to defocus and effective ranges. There were breakdowns in monotonicity and unimodality for some focus measures when applied to data from human eyes, while other focus measures could detect the shift in the best-focus plane in the blurred image series resulting from spherical aberration.