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Related Concept Videos

Probiotics01:22

Probiotics

Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics01:21

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity, and disease...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage
10:36

Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage

Published on: January 27, 2019

Probiotics in children.

Benjamin Kligler1, Patrick Hanaway, Andreas Cohrssen

  • 1Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10463, USA. bkligler@chpnet.org

Pediatric Clinics of North America
|December 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Probiotics are safe for children and can help prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea and reduce infectious diarrhea duration. Specific strains are less critical than adequate dosage (5-10 billion CFUs daily) and product quality.

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Investigating the Effects of Probiotics on Pneumococcal Colonization Using an In Vitro Adherence Assay
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Investigating the Effects of Probiotics on Pneumococcal Colonization Using an In Vitro Adherence Assay

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Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage
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Investigating the Effects of Probiotics on Pneumococcal Colonization Using an In Vitro Adherence Assay
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Investigating the Effects of Probiotics on Pneumococcal Colonization Using an In Vitro Adherence Assay

Published on: April 28, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Gastrointestinal flora is crucial for children's immune and digestive health.
  • Probiotics are recognized for their safety in pediatric populations.
  • Existing research highlights probiotics' role in managing specific gastrointestinal issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of probiotics in pediatric health.
  • To assess the efficacy of probiotics in preventing and treating various childhood conditions.
  • To provide guidance on probiotic use in children, focusing on dosage and quality.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on probiotics in pediatric health.
  • Analysis of clinical evidence for probiotic efficacy in diarrhea, necrotizing enterocolitis, and atopic dermatitis.
  • Evaluation of recommendations regarding probiotic strains, dosage, and product quality.

Main Results:

  • Probiotics are safe for healthy children.
  • Probiotics effectively reduce antibiotic-associated diarrhea and acute infectious diarrhea duration.
  • Potential benefits include preventing community-acquired diarrhea, reducing necrotizing enterocolitis risk in premature infants, and aiding atopic dermatitis management.

Conclusions:

  • Probiotics offer significant benefits for pediatric gastrointestinal and immunologic health.
  • Adequate dosage (5-10 billion CFUs/day or higher) is key, with strain specificity less critical.
  • Clinicians must be aware of product variability and ensure quality for optimal outcomes.