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Related Concept Videos

Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
Diabetes Insipidus I: Introduction01:29

Diabetes Insipidus I: Introduction

Definition Diabetes insipidus is a disorder marked by the production of large amounts of dilute urine because of impaired vasopressin production, release, or kidney response. The lack of effective vasopressin action limits water reabsorption in the renal collecting ducts, which leads to excessive urinary water loss and intense thirst.Clinical PresentationIndividuals with diabetes insipidus report persistent thirst and very high urine output. In severe cases, fluid intake can reach up to 20...
Diabetes Insipidus II: Pathophysiology01:22

Diabetes Insipidus II: Pathophysiology

Normally, water balance is maintained through three interconnected mechanisms: the hypothalamic thirst center, the synthesis and release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin), and the kidneys' responsiveness to this hormone. ADH is synthesized in the hypothalamus, released from the posterior pituitary, and acts on the distal nephron, allowing water reabsorption and concentrated urine production.Diabetes Insipidus and Its TypesIn diabetes insipidus (DI), this regulatory system is...
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State01:21

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State, or HHS, is a serious and life-threatening complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by three main features: severe hyperglycemia, profound dehydration, and elevated serum osmolality, all occurring without significant ketoacidosis.HHS typically develops in older adults or individuals with limited access to fluids. This may result from illness, cognitive impairment, or medications such as diuretics or corticosteroids. These factors reduce...

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Polyuria and polydipsia in horses.

Erica C McKenzie1

  • 1Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 227 Magruder Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. erica.mckenzie@oregonstate.edu

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice
|December 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing excessive urination (polyuria) and thirst (polydipsia) in horses is challenging. This guide outlines causes, diagnostic methods, and management strategies for equine clinicians to address these conditions effectively.

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Area of Science:

  • Equine medicine
  • Veterinary diagnostics
  • Animal physiology

Background:

  • Polyuria and polydipsia present significant diagnostic challenges in equine practice.
  • Understanding the diverse etiologies is crucial for effective patient management.
  • Current diagnostic approaches require systematic evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the known causes of polyuria and polydipsia in horses.
  • To present a systematic diagnostic approach for horses exhibiting these clinical signs.
  • To describe treatment and management strategies for affected horses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of equine polyuria and polydipsia.
  • Description of a systematic diagnostic workup protocol.
  • Outline of therapeutic and management options.

Main Results:

  • Identified common and rare causes of increased urination and thirst in horses.
  • Established a step-by-step diagnostic algorithm for clinicians.
  • Provided evidence-based treatment recommendations.

Conclusions:

  • A systematic approach improves diagnostic accuracy for equine polyuria and polydipsia.
  • Tailored treatment and management are essential for successful outcomes.
  • Further research can refine diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.