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Related Concept Videos

The Muscular System01:18

The Muscular System

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The muscular system is essential to the body's overall structure and function, playing a crucial role in movement, stability, and internal processes. It consists of three distinct types of muscle tissue: the skeletal, the smooth, and the cardiac muscles.
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Overview of Muscle Tissues01:25

Overview of Muscle Tissues

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The human body has three types of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Each class has unique properties that enable them to perform specific functions. However, all muscle tissues share certain properties, including elasticity, contractility, and excitability. 
Elasticity
Elasticity is the ability of muscles to stretch and return to their original shape. This property is partly due to elastic fibers — macromolecules that run through the muscles. These fibers are firm and...
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Overview of Skeletal Muscle01:15

Overview of Skeletal Muscle

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Skeletal muscles are composed of a bundle of muscle fibers and are attached to bones through tendons. Each skeletal muscle fiber is a single muscle cell. The sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell, consists of a lipid bilayer and glycocalyx that supports muscle fibers. The sarcolemma extends into the muscle cells to form tubular structures called transverse or T-tubules. Each side of the T-tubules consists of a membrane-bound structure called the sarcoplasmic reticulum,...
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Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles01:12

Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles

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The connective tissues play a significant role in arranging the muscle fibers into a hierarchical structure that forms a complete muscle. Consider a muscle like the bicep brachii, commonly called the bicep. This muscle comprises thousands of muscle fibers enclosed by a protective layer of connective tissue called the endomysium. The endomysium is primarily composed of reticular fibers, a type of thin collagen fiber. It allows the exchange of nutrients and waste products at the fiber level,...
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Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles01:13

Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles

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Skeletal muscle cells, also called muscle fibers, are distinctly elongated, multi-nucleated, slender biological units. They are packed with specialized structures designed to facilitate their primary function, which is contraction.
The muscle sarcolemma is a plasma membrane enclosing each muscle cell that conducts electrical signals called action potentials. The sarcolemma extends into the cell to form T-tubules, ensuring the neural impulses are uniformly distributed across the entire muscle...
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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation01:27

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation

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Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above...
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Updated: May 29, 2025

Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients
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Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients

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Clinical Examination of the Muscle System.

Erica C McKenzie1

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 227 Magruder Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice
|February 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing equine muscle disease requires a thorough history, physical exam, and clinical pathology. A systematic approach is key for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment plans for horses.

Keywords:
AtrophyClinical pathologyMuscle enzymesNeuropathyRhabdomyolysis

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Collection of Skeletal Muscle Biopsies from the Superior Compartment of Human Musculus Tibialis Anterior for Mechanical Evaluation
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Area of Science:

  • Equine Medicine
  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Veterinary Orthopedics

Background:

  • The equine muscle system is susceptible to numerous hereditary and acquired diseases.
  • These conditions often present with clinical signs that overlap with orthopedic and neurologic disorders.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management of equine muscle conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a clinical examination approach for evaluating equine muscle disease.
  • To detail the relevant clinical pathology tests for diagnosing muscle disorders in horses.
  • To emphasize the importance of a methodical diagnostic process.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed client history collection focusing on concerns and known disorder information.
  • Comprehensive physical examination of the equine patient.
  • Screening clinical pathology tests to aid diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • A systematic and thorough approach is fundamental for definitive diagnosis.
  • Overlapping clinical signs necessitate careful differentiation from other conditions.
  • Clinical pathology aids in identifying and characterizing muscle diseases.

Conclusions:

  • A methodical approach combining history, physical examination, and clinical pathology is essential for diagnosing equine muscle disease.
  • This comprehensive strategy supports the development of optimal treatment and management plans.
  • Understanding the complexities of equine muscle disorders improves patient outcomes.