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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single stretching vibration...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers
08:48

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers

Published on: April 20, 2016

Spectral features associated with nonlinear pulse compression in Bragg gratings.

N G Broderick, P Millar, D J Richardson

    Optics Letters
    |December 8, 2007
    PubMed
    Summary

    We demonstrate direct spectral measurements of nonlinear spectral broadening in aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) waveguides. This nonlinear effect enables pulse compression for advanced photonic applications.

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    Published on: May 18, 2011

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Nonlinear optical effects are crucial for advanced photonic devices.
    • Integrated photonics offers miniaturization and enhanced performance.
    • Aluminum Gallium Arsenide (AlGaAs) exhibits strong nonlinear optical properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To directly measure nonlinear spectral broadening in AlGaAs waveguides.
    • To investigate nonlinear propagation effects in integrated Bragg gratings.
    • To demonstrate the utility of AlGaAs for low-peak-power nonlinear optics.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of Bragg gratings on integrated AlGaAs waveguides.
    • Direct spectral measurements of light propagating through the gratings.
    • Utilizing high-repetition-rate, low-peak-power sources for spectral analysis.

    Main Results:

    • Observed significant nonlinear spectral broadening.
    • Demonstrated pulse compression from 400 picoseconds (ps) to 80 ps.
    • Confirmed the high nonlinearity of AlGaAs enabling efficient spectral manipulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Direct spectral measurements of nonlinear spectral broadening are achieved in AlGaAs waveguides.
    • AlGaAs is a promising material for integrated nonlinear photonic devices.
    • The observed pulse compression has implications for high-speed optical signal processing.