Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Stages of General Anesthesia

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview

Sedatives are drugs that alleviate anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep. Both classes of medication suppress neuronal activity, leading to a calming effect for sedatives and facilitating sleep for hypnotics.
Sedative-hypnotics are categorized into barbiturates, benzodiazepines (BZDs), and non-benzodiazepines or Z-drugs. These drugs work by suppressing central nervous system activity, and this suppression is dose-dependent. Older sedative medications, like barbiturates, follow a linear curve in...

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines have both sedative and hypnotic properties. They include compounds such as diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax). Structurally, their cores are similar, consisting of the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring, but they share a common mechanism of action in the central nervous system (CNS).
Benzodiazepines work by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. They bind to the GABAA receptor, increasing its affinity for GABA, which opens chloride...

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.

General Anesthesia: Overview

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Who identified cocaine as a local anaesthetic?

Brain : a journal of neurology·2024

Same author

W Harry Archer's collection of Horace Wells letters are still available. A commentary on a new publication.

Journal of anesthesia history·2021

Same author

The baricity of plain bupivacaine.

Anaesthesia·2018

Same author

Topics for the national audit projects of the Royal College of Anaesthetists.

British journal of anaesthesia·2017

Same author

Local anaesthetic nomenclature.

Anaesthesia·2013

Same author

Continuous thoracic epidural block for surgery: gold standard or debased currency?

British journal of anaesthesia·2012

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Conscious sedation for dentistry: an update.

D C Craig¹, J A W Wildsmith,

¹Sedation and Special Care Dentistry, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 26, Guy's Tower, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT. david.craig@kcl.ac.uk

British Dental Journal

|December 11, 2007

Summary

New guidance addresses concerns regarding conscious sedation in dentistry, expanding beyond standard techniques. It ensures safe patient care with alternative sedation drugs and methods for all dental settings.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Area of Science:

Dentistry
Anesthesiology
Patient Safety

Background:

Concerns persist regarding conscious sedation in dental care, particularly with non-standard techniques.
Existing guidance from 2003 focused on intravenous midazolam and nitrous oxide/oxygen.
There is a need to update guidelines to include newer sedation methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide updated guidance on conscious sedation in dental care.
To encompass alternative sedation drugs and techniques beyond standard methods.
To define minimum standards for safe and effective patient care in all clinical settings.

Main Methods:

Development of new guidance by the Faculty of Dental Surgery and the Royal College of Anaesthetists.
Inclusion of alternative sedation drugs and techniques.
Preparation for dental practitioners, medical practitioners, and their teams.

Main Results:

New guidance expands upon the 2003 document.
Covers a broader range of sedation techniques and drugs.
Establishes minimum standards for safe sedation practices.

Conclusions:

The new guidance aims to alleviate disquiet surrounding conscious sedation in dentistry.
It ensures a consistent standard of care for patients undergoing sedation.
Provides a framework for safe and effective use of both standard and alternative sedation methods.