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Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...
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Stress often leads to unhealthy habits like smoking, excessive drinking, and overeating, which offer short-term relief but ultimately increase long-term health risks. These behaviors create a cycle that temporarily lowers stress levels but can result in severe long-term health consequences. Breaking these habits is essential to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve overall well-being. Three primary changes that support better health include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Creating Dynamic Images of Short-lived Dopamine Fluctuations with lp-ntPET: Dopamine Movies of Cigarette Smoking
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Physical self-perception, body dysmorphic disorder, and smoking behavior.

Sean R Stickney1, David R Black

  • 1Department of Health, Physical education, and Sport Science, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144-5591, USA. sstickn1@kennesaw.edu

American Journal of Health Behavior
|December 11, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and negative physical self-perceptions are linked to smoking behaviors in college women. These factors may hinder smoking cessation attempts and sustain smoking habits.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Body image concerns are prevalent among college-age women.
  • Smoking remains a significant public health issue in this demographic.
  • Understanding factors influencing smoking behavior is crucial for intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between physical self-perceptions, body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), and smoking status in college-age women.
  • To identify specific BDD symptoms and self-perception aspects related to smoking behavior.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted with 364 college-age women.
  • Participants completed a 79-item questionnaire assessing physical self-perceptions and BDD symptoms.
  • Statistical analyses were performed to determine predictive relationships.

Main Results:

  • Specific BDD symptoms, including fear of weight gain and social avoidance/comparison, predicted smoking behavior.
  • Perceptions of physical health and medical utilization were also significant predictors.
  • These findings highlight the complex interplay between body image, mental health, and smoking.

Conclusions:

  • Negative physical health perceptions and key BDD diagnostic components may impede smoking cessation efforts.
  • These psychological factors could contribute to the maintenance of smoking behavior in college women.
  • Targeting body image and BDD symptoms may be beneficial for smoking cessation interventions in this population.