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Related Concept Videos

Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...

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Related Experiment Videos

Brain abscess caused by Nocardia nova.

Mizuki Hashimoto1, Ken Johkura, Teruo Ichikawa

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Hiratsuka Kyosai Hospital, Hiratsuka, Japan.

Journal of Clinical Neuroscience : Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia
|December 11, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Nocardia nova, a newly identified pathogen, can cause serious brain infections in immunocompromised individuals. Early diagnosis and treatment, including surgical removal and antibiotics, are crucial for successful outcomes.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Nocardia nova is an emerging human pathogen, primarily associated with the Nocardia asteroides group.
  • Limited cases of Nocardia nova infections, including pneumonia and subcutaneous abscesses, have been documented.
  • Central nervous system infections by Nocardia species are rare, particularly in non-HIV-infected individuals.

Observation:

  • A case of brain abscess caused by Nocardia nova is presented.
  • The patient was undergoing immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide for nephrosis.
  • The patient presented with symptoms indicative of a brain abscess.

Findings:

  • Nocardia nova was identified as the causative agent of the brain abscess.
  • Surgical excision of the brain abscess was performed.
  • Antibiotic treatment was administered concurrently with surgical intervention.

Implications:

  • This report details the first known case of central nervous system infection specifically due to Nocardia nova.
  • The findings highlight Nocardia nova as a potential cause of serious infections in immunocompromised patients.
  • Successful management underscores the importance of prompt diagnosis and combined therapeutic approaches for Nocardia nova brain abscesses.