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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
Antisocial Personality Disorder01:24

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Antisocial personality disorder is a chronic mental health condition characterized by persistent patterns of disregard for the rights and well-being of others. Individuals with antisocial personality disorder exhibit behaviors that include deceitfulness, impulsivity, irresponsibility, aggression, and a profound lack of empathy. These traits often manifest early in life and persist into adulthood, leading to significant personal, social, and legal consequences.
Behavioral Characteristics and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2
10:31

A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2

Published on: September 26, 2025

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS): where does it come from?

Yaniv Sherer1, Miri Blank, Yehuda Shoenfeld

  • 1Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology
|December 11, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder causing blood clots and pregnancy loss. Infections can trigger pathogenic antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in susceptible individuals, leading to thrombosis.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2
10:31

A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2

Published on: September 26, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is the leading cause of acquired thrombophilia.
  • It is defined by thrombosis, pregnancy loss, and antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL).
  • APS etiology involves genetic and environmental factors, with infections being significant triggers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of environmental factors, particularly infections, in the development of APS.
  • To understand the pathogenic mechanisms of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL).
  • To identify potential targets for immunomodulation in APS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on APS etiology and pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of the role of infectious agents, trauma, and drugs as environmental triggers.
  • Discussion of evidence supporting the pathogenicity of aPL through passive transfer and active immunization.

Main Results:

  • Infections are a primary environmental factor inducing aPL formation.
  • A significant portion of catastrophic APS cases are linked to recent infections.
  • Pathogenic aPL influence coagulation pathways, leading to thrombosis and pregnancy loss.

Conclusions:

  • In genetically susceptible individuals, infections can trigger molecular mimicry, producing pathogenic aPL.
  • These aPL contribute to thrombosis and recurrent pregnancy loss in APS.
  • Targeting specific epitopes on beta-2-glycoprotein-I offers a potential avenue for APS immunomodulation.