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General Transcription Factors

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...

Initiation of Translation

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...

Initiation of Translation

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...

Transcription Initiation

Transcription Initiation

Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA into a...

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA into a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells

Published on: May 1, 2020

Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E.

Ian G Goodfellow¹, Lisa O Roberts

¹Department of Virology, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK. I.Goodfellow@Imperial.ac.uk

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology

|December 11, 2007

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is crucial for protein synthesis. Emerging research reveals its roles in mRNA nuclear export, aging, and viral RNA translation, highlighting its therapeutic potential.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Cell Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is traditionally recognized for initiating protein synthesis on capped mRNAs in the cytoplasm.
Recent research indicates diverse functions beyond cytoplasmic translation initiation.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an updated overview of recent developments concerning eIF4E.
To explore the multifaceted roles of eIF4E, including mRNA nuclear export, aging, and viral RNA translation.
To discuss the potential of eIF4E as a therapeutic target.

Main Methods:

This review synthesizes findings from recent scientific literature.
It analyzes studies investigating eIF4E's functions in various cellular contexts.
The review includes research on eIF4E's involvement in disease and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

eIF4E plays a significant role in the nuclear export of specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs).
Evidence suggests eIF4E is implicated in the aging process.
The factor is also involved in the translation of certain uncapped viral RNAs.

Conclusions:

eIF4E exhibits a broader range of functions than previously understood.
These diverse roles, including implications in aging and viral replication, position eIF4E as a key area for further research.
Targeting eIF4E presents a promising therapeutic avenue for various conditions.