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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Acute Respiratory Failure-V

The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
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Modeling Dysplastic and Functional Lung Alveolar Repair after Influenza Infection
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Respiratory infections: do we ever recover?

John Goulding1, Robert Snelgrove, José Saldana

  • 1Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, Imperial College London, 1 Aspenlea Road, London W6 8LH, UK.

Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society
|December 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Prior respiratory infections permanently shape unique inflammatory profiles, influencing future immune responses. This "innate imprinting" affects subsequent infections, with potentially beneficial or detrimental outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Inflammation Research

Background:

  • Individual inflammatory profiles are shaped by the sequence of past infections.
  • The acquired immune system relies on specific immunologic memory.
  • Previous respiratory inflammation impacts subsequent, antigenically distinct infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term effects of initial respiratory infections on immunity.
  • To understand the phenomenon of "innate imprinting" or "innate education" in the respiratory tract.
  • To explore the implications for inflammatory lung disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on sequential infections and immune responses.
  • Analysis of the concept of "innate imprinting" in respiratory inflammation.
  • Examination of the cellular mechanisms and long-term consequences.

Main Results:

  • Prior inflammation leads to lasting changes in respiratory immunity, independent of T and B cells.
  • This effect is observed even with antigenically distinct pathogens.
  • Sequential infections can have beneficial or detrimental impacts, as seen in viral vs. influenza-bacterial interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The respiratory tract exhibits a form of "innate imprinting" or "education" based on infection history.
  • This imprinting involves long-lasting, non-adaptive immune alterations.
  • Understanding innate imprinting is crucial for managing inflammatory lung diseases.