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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention
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Effect of Interaural Angular Insertion Depth Mismatch on Sound Localization in Adolescent Bilateral Cochlear Implant

Fatima M Denanto1,2, Bo Tideholm1, Jeremy Wales1,2

  • 1Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [And] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology
|April 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Bilateral cochlear implant (BiCI) users since childhood show significant variability in interaural angular insertion depth (AID) mismatch. This mismatch does not appear to affect horizontal sound localization accuracy (SLA), though sound cues play a role in performance.

Keywords:
AdolescentsAngular Insertion DepthBilateral Cochlear ImplantsBinaural HearingInteraural Angular Insertion Depth mismatchPhoton Counting Detector Computed TomographySound Localization Accuracy

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Adolescents with bilateral cochlear implants (BiCI) since early childhood often exhibit variations in electrode insertion depths.
  • Understanding the impact of interaural angular insertion depth (AID) mismatch on auditory perception is crucial for optimizing cochlear implant rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between interaural AID mismatch and horizontal sound localization accuracy (SLA) in adolescents with long-term BiCI use.
  • To determine if varying spatial cues in auditory stimuli influence SLA in the presence of AID mismatch.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 20 adolescents with BiCI, assessed using 3D CT imaging to measure interaural AID mismatch.
  • Sound localization accuracy was objectively measured using an Error Index (EI) with four distinct auditory stimuli.
  • Statistical analyses included linear regression and group comparisons (matched vs. mismatched AID) based on a 75-degree mismatch criterion.

Main Results:

  • A wide range of interaural AID mismatch (median 45.5 degrees) was observed in the BiCI cohort.
  • No significant linear correlation was found between interaural AID mismatch and the EI for horizontal SLA.
  • While group status (matched vs. mismatched) did not impact overall EI, a significant interaction between stimulus type and group indicated that sound cues affected localization performance in the mismatched group.

Conclusions:

  • Significant interaural AID mismatch is common in adolescents with early-onset BiCI, with high inter-individual variability.
  • Horizontal SLA appears to be largely independent of the degree of interaural AID mismatch.
  • The effectiveness of spatial cues in sound stimuli can influence sound localization performance, particularly in individuals with substantial interaural AID mismatch.