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Related Concept Videos

Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
Cardiac Action Potential01:30

Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials
Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase of...
Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow specific...
Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Determination of the Relative Cell Surface and Total Expression of Recombinant Ion Channels Using Flow Cytometry
11:32

Determination of the Relative Cell Surface and Total Expression of Recombinant Ion Channels Using Flow Cytometry

Published on: September 28, 2016

Mitochondrial ion channels in cardiac function and dysfunction.

Brian O'Rourke1, Sonia Cortassa, Fadi Akar

  • 1The Johns Hopkins University, Institute of Molecular Cardiobiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

Novartis Foundation Symposium
|December 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heart cell mitochondria act as coupled oscillators, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) signals. Under stress, this network can collapse or synchronize, leading to cellular dysfunction and potential therapeutic targets.

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Voltage-Dependent Potassium Current Recording on H9c2 Cardiomyocytes via the Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Technique
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Voltage-Dependent Potassium Current Recording on H9c2 Cardiomyocytes via the Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Technique

Published on: November 11, 2022

Robust Mitochondrial Isolation from Rodent Cardiac Tissue
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Robust Mitochondrial Isolation from Rodent Cardiac Tissue

Published on: August 23, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Determination of the Relative Cell Surface and Total Expression of Recombinant Ion Channels Using Flow Cytometry
11:32

Determination of the Relative Cell Surface and Total Expression of Recombinant Ion Channels Using Flow Cytometry

Published on: September 28, 2016

Voltage-Dependent Potassium Current Recording on H9c2 Cardiomyocytes via the Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Technique
08:11

Voltage-Dependent Potassium Current Recording on H9c2 Cardiomyocytes via the Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Technique

Published on: November 11, 2022

Robust Mitochondrial Isolation from Rodent Cardiac Tissue
07:03

Robust Mitochondrial Isolation from Rodent Cardiac Tissue

Published on: August 23, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Mitochondrial physiology
  • Cellular signaling
  • Cardiovascular research

Background:

  • Mitochondria are increasingly recognized for roles beyond energy production, including cellular signaling.
  • Mitochondrial function is dynamically altered during disease, aging, and stress responses.
  • Understanding the spatial and temporal organization of mitochondria is crucial for cellular stress response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that heart cell mitochondria form a network of coupled oscillators.
  • To explore the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signals by mitochondrial networks.
  • To understand the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial network responses to cellular stress.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mitochondrial network dynamics in heart cells.
  • Investigation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production under physiological and stress conditions.
  • Examination of mitochondrial membrane potential (deltapsi(m)) changes and their cellular consequences.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports heart cell mitochondria functioning as coupled oscillators.
  • Mitochondria produce frequency- and/or amplitude-encoded ROS signals under physiological conditions.
  • Mitochondrial networks exhibit a 'critical' state under stress, leading to synchronized oscillations or collapse.
  • Large amplitude depolarizations and ROS bursts impact cellular subsystems, including ion channels, causing organ dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Heart cell mitochondria operate as a coupled oscillator network with emergent properties under stress.
  • Mitochondrial ion channels are key players in this non-linear network phenomenon.
  • Mitochondrial ion channels represent a potential therapeutic target for conditions involving mitochondrial dysfunction.