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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
08:30

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Published on: March 12, 2016

Glaucoma is associated with peripheral vascular endothelial dysfunction.

Wei-Wen Su1, Shih-Tsung Cheng, Wan-Jing Ho

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

Ophthalmology
|December 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glaucoma patients exhibit impaired vascular endothelial function, with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) showing significantly lower flow-mediated dilation (FMD) than primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). This highlights endothelial dysfunction as a key factor in glaucoma progression.

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Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
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Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
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Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
08:30

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Published on: March 12, 2016

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
07:11

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Published on: May 25, 2020

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
10:10

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

Published on: February 15, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, is characterized by optic nerve damage.
  • Peripheral vascular endothelial function may play a role in the pathophysiology of glaucoma.
  • Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a noninvasive measure of endothelium-dependent vasodilation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess peripheral vascular endothelial function in patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
  • To compare FMD between NTG, POAG, and healthy controls.
  • To investigate the association between FMD and glaucoma subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 30 NTG patients, 30 POAG patients, and 30 healthy controls.
  • High-resolution ultrasonography was used to measure FMD and nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation (NMD) of the brachial artery.
  • Biochemistry, lipid profile, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • FMD values were significantly lower in NTG (2.70±2.25%) and POAG (5.33±2.81%) groups compared to controls (7.21±2.36%).
  • NTG patients demonstrated markedly impaired FMD compared to POAG patients and controls.
  • Multivariate analysis identified NTG, POAG, and advanced age as independent predictors of impaired FMD.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with glaucoma exhibit impaired peripheral vascular endothelial function.
  • Normal-tension glaucoma is associated with more severe endothelial dysfunction than primary open-angle glaucoma.